Monomethyl fumarate completely inhibits forskolin induced cAMP synthesis with an IC ₅₀ of 70 nM. Monomethyl fumarate induces a dose-dependent Ca ²⁺ signal in GPR109A transfected cells with an EC ₅₀ of 9.4 μM.
Monomethyl fumarate (25 μM; 24 hours) attenuates 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxicity: cell growth inhibition; decreased cell viability; mitochondrial dysfunction; and cell death induction.

A single dose of Monomethyl fumarate (50-100 mg/kg; IP) before light exposure prevents these morphologic changes (bright light exposure induced photoreceptor death) in a dose-dependent manner.
Monomethyl fumarate (100 mg/kg) reduces retinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Monomethyl fumarate significantly suppresses light-induced retinopathy (LIR) upregulated genes in the NFkB pathway including: Nlrp3, Casp1, Il-1β, and Tnf-α.